美國斬首伊朗伊朗革命衛隊「聖城軍(Quds Force)」領袖蘇雷曼尼(Qassem Soleimani)引發的後續效應仍在擴大,美國總統川普(Donald Trump)5日公開宣稱,若伊朗對美國公民或資產發動攻擊,美國將攻擊伊朗境內的古蹟,引起國際輿論譁然。
據悉,川普政府也已開始著手草擬對伊拉克進行制裁的提案條文。
與此同時,美國聯邦眾議院議長裴洛西(Nancy Pelosi)當日晚間也表示,準備在眾院提出一項議案,限縮白宮發動戰爭行動的權力。
川普5日在美國總統專機空軍一號(Air Force One)上受訪時重申對於攻擊伊朗文化遺址的立場,警告伊朗如果在蘇雷曼尼遭炸死後傷害美國公民,伊朗將遭受嚴重報復。
川普隨後在個人推特(twitter)帳號上的推文表示,對蘇雷曼尼的斬首行動是為了避免與伊朗戰爭,也是針對局勢恐進一步惡化所發出的警告;若伊朗回擊,美國將立即大規模攻擊(WILL BE HIT VERY FAST AND VERY HARD)伊朗境內52處目標,其中部分是對伊朗非常重要的文化遺跡,美國不想再受威脅(The USA wants no more threats!)。
Iran is talking very boldly about targeting certain USA assets as revenge for our ridding the world of their terrorist leader who had just killed an American, & badly wounded many others, not to mention all of the people he had killed over his lifetime, including recently....
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) January 4, 2020
....hundreds of Iranian protesters. He was already attacking our Embassy, and preparing for additional hits in other locations. Iran has been nothing but problems for many years. Let this serve as a WARNING that if Iran strikes any Americans, or American assets, we have.....
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) January 4, 2020
....targeted 52 Iranian sites (representing the 52 American hostages taken by Iran many years ago), some at a very high level & important to Iran & the Iranian culture, and those targets, and Iran itself, WILL BE HIT VERY FAST AND VERY HARD. The USA wants no more threats!
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) January 4, 2020
根據國際法,若將文化古跡當作軍事行動的目標將構成戰爭罪,包括聯合國安理會決議和1954年的《海牙公約》(Convention de La Haye)也均有類似規範。
位於伊朗伊斯法罕(Esfahan)的伊瑪目廣場(Meidan Emam)是全球第二大的廣場,面積僅次於中國天安門廣場,於1979年被聯合國教科文組織列入世界遺產(UNESCO Heritage)。
另據美國《有線電視新聞網》(CNN)的報導,美國當地時間5日晚間,美國聯邦眾院議長裴洛西指稱,眾院準備提案並投票表決一項限制川普對伊朗發動軍事行動的戰爭權力決議案(War Powers Resolution to limit the President's military actions regarding Iran)。
在川普下令斬首蘇雷曼尼後,民主黨握有多數席次的美國聯邦眾院對此十分不滿,認為川普刻意忽視國會,一意孤行,眾院外委會的推特推文更公開要求川普應該詳讀1973年通過的《戰爭權力法》(War Powers Resolution)。
按照美國《戰爭權力法》的法條,美國總統在軍事行動前的48小時內必須通知國會。
This Media Post will serve as a reminder that war powers reside in the Congress under the United States Constitution. And that you should read the War Powers Act. And that you’re not a dictator. https://t.co/VTroMegWv0
— House Foreign Affairs Committee (@HouseForeign) January 5, 2020
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